A randomised controlled trial of the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of subcutaneous vs intramuscular administration of COVID-19 vaccination in community pharmacies in Aotearoa New Zealand

If differences between reactogenicity and immunogenicity are identified between SC and IM delivery of vaccination, these findings would directly influence public health practice in A/NZ and globally. Vaccination guidelines which ensure IM delivery could reduce side effects following vaccination, potentially reducing vaccine hesitancy and in turn reducing the burden of disease that disproportionately affects Māori, Pacific, and other disadvantaged groups.

As concern regarding adverse events following immunisations is known to result in vaccine hesitancy and refusal, highlighted during A/NZ Immunisation Programme, therefore identifying differences in reactogenicity will have direct relevance to vaccine uptake. If results show that SC and IM administration gives comparable immunogenicity, this provides reassurance for clinicians and for people with obesity, who may have previously received inadvertent “off-label” SC delivery, that they are likely to be adequately protected.  

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